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Other Issues to be addressed as I learn more

1.  Your neighbor is shooting at your pets with a BB gun.  How do you stop them from doing this?


2.  The President of the country in which you live states that there are Weapons of Mass Destruction
in a distant country and he is going to war.  The U.S. and the Iraq War is a current example.  What could the government do to stop going to war?  What could you do?
 
3.  Two contiguous countries debate where their boundaries meet.  How can they resolve this peacefully? 


4.  How can I feel peace within myself?

5.  Women are being treated like property of their husbands.  What can be done?

6.  There is an active slave trade in your country.  What can be done?

7.  There is genocide taking place in a foreign country.  What can you do?

or choose your own issue.  Make sure to state the issue clearly.  Write it out on a piece of paper.
In fact, you might want to jot down the various paths you have taken as you venture through the Museum.

 

 

Human Rights Issues

Techniques to Stop Aggression

“We regard war as a fact. Our role is to alleviate the suffering of the civilians. It is our major commitment. We are not involved in peace-keeping operations. Our aim is to work in conflict zones and look after helpless noncombatant victims. Unpretentious as it is our conception of charity work is an end in itself. This principle led us to give evidence before the fact-finding parliamentary committee in Rwanda and to ask the French Parliament for an investigation of the Srebrenica mass slaughter.”

Dr Jean-Hervé Bradol, President of Médecins Sans Frontières.

Kossovo, 1999. As hundreds of thousands of Kossovars crossed the borders MSF provided medical help, insisted that they be given protection and published a report on the conditions of their displacement.

Rwanda, 1994. During the genocide MSF field workers did their best to give assistance to the wounded and demanded that the international community step in and stop the mass killing.

 Sri Lanka, 1999. MSF practices war surgery in Sri Lanka, a country torn by a 15-year-old civil war. In remote villages itinerant medical teams minister to the defenceless population.

 

 
Road to War or Peace begun 4-2-2005

 

 Sign up to join  the Army, Navy or Marines.

A civilian service for peace was originally set up as an alternative to military service. All those who, for religious or moral reasons, did not wish to bear arms could thus take an active part in actions of reconciliation, development, Civil Rights advancement or protection of the environment. Instead of fighting for the defence of Peace they were able to build it up.

A long-term objective may well be the gradual substitution of civil for military structures.

 

The 1994 Rwandan tragedy is not a mere tribal feud opposing Hutu and Tutsi, whose origin is lost in the mist of times. It dates back to the colonial era; the responsibility of France, Britain, Belgium and Germany is flagrant.

Countless children, either orphaned or separated from their families, ran wild during what will be remembered as one of the most massive population displacements ever. With the help of the Red Cross, UNICEF endeavoured to reconstruct families. They resorted to phototracing, a proven method used after World War II. Photos were made of some 20,000 children and displayed on itinerant exhibitions in order that parents or relatives might identify their kin.

 
Vote to finance a war.

Between April and July 1994 a flood of blood swept over Rwanda. Hutu radicals inaugurated the genocide, killing some 500,000 Tutsi. The Tutsi retaliated in kind and launched an offensive driving hundreds of thousands of Hutu across the border into Zaire where the UN tried to cope and set up canvas camps. 

 

 
Adhere to the "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth" philosophy.  After all, that's in the Bible!
http://www.cartercenter.org/peaceprograms/peacepgm.htm If you are in charge, make sure that you have people around you who agree with you.
  Develop a Peace & Social Forum
  Call your elected representatives on issues of concern:  join groups which watchdog current legislation, corporation and government practices so that you are up to date on the issues.
   
  Do the same thing to the other person/country  that he/she did to you.
   Find a third person who is friendly with both of you and ask them to intervene.
  Conscientious objection to war.
  Create a Peace Festival
   Shoot your neighbor's dog so he knows how it feels to have a pet hurt. 
  Do nothing.
  Try to stay away from the wrong-doer.
  Call the Police.
   Ban biological & chemical weapons:  all weapons of mass destruction.  Ban the making of all
weapons.
  Promote, call for and develop peace education in schools.
  Promote, call for and develop peace education in our communities, organizations and media.

As far back as the XVth century, women have been fighting for equal rights. Their long struggle can also be seen as patriarchy in the negative, as a response to age-old male tyranny within an extremely rigid and arrogant system capable of extreme violence. The fact is that most wars as well as most instances of direct or indirect violence are to be attributed to men.

Struggling women have been voicing roughly the same claims as exploited or oppressed peoples: the right to have access to education and employment, to receive decent wages, to express their sexuality, whatever it may be, to take part in public activities and political life.

 
Discuss with your friends, colleagues, families what is happening and things that can be done for peace.

A civilian service for peace was originally set up as an alternative to military service. All those who, for religious or moral reasons, did not wish to bear arms could thus take an active part in actions of reconciliation, development, Civil Rights advancement or protection of the environment. Instead of fighting for the defence of Peace they were able to build it up.

A long-term objective may well be the gradual substitution of civil for military structures.

Conscientious objection is one of the fundamental rights included in Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights. Still severely penalized in many countries, conscientious objection became legal in France in 1963.

The phrase “conscientious objector’ was coined in South Africa. It applied to Gandhi and his followers who deliberately transgressed the law forbidding Indians to cross the border into the Transvaal. Later it applied more specifically to whoever refused to go to war.

Conscientious objection is one of the fundamental rights included in Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights. Still severely penalized in many countries, conscientious objection became legal in France in 1963.

 

 

Service Civil International (SCI) is an organization offering civil action as an alternative to military service. Established in 1920, it runs some 500 camps all over the world, where 5 to 20 persons from different geographic or cultural backgrounds volunteer to work together for 2 to 4 weeks.

 

 

 

 

 

 

WAR and Peace continued:

A civilian service for peace was originally set up as an alternative to military service. All those who, for religious or moral reasons, did not wish to bear arms could thus take an active part in actions of reconciliation, development, Civil Rights advancement or protection of the environment. Instead of fighting for the defence of Peace they were able to build it up.

A long-term objective may well be the gradual substitution of civil for military structures.

Conscientious objection is one of the fundamental rights included in Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights. Still severely penalized in many countries, conscientious objection became legal in France in 1963.

 

Service Civil International (SCI) is an organization offering civil action as an alternative to military service. Established in 1920, it runs some 500 camps all over the world, where 5 to 20 persons from different geographic or cultural backgrounds volunteer to work together for 2 to 4 weeks.

 

Use non lethal war tactics as suggested by an Air Force Research team - called the Sunshine Project:
1)   Expose enemy troops to powerful aphrodisiacs in order to distract them into lustful hookups with each other (irrespective of gender).
2)  Give the enemy severe halitosis (so they could be detected within a civilian population).
3)  Overrun enemy positions with rats or wasps.
4)  Create waves of fecal gas. 

 

HUMAN RIGHTS

As far back as the XVth century, women have been fighting for equal rights. Their long struggle can also be seen as patriarchy in the negative, as a response to age-old male tyranny within an extremely rigid and arrogant system capable of extreme violence. The fact is that most wars as well as most instances of direct or indirect violence are to be attributed to men.

Struggling women have been voicing roughly the same claims as exploited or oppressed peoples: the right to have access to education and employment, to receive decent wages, to express their sexuality, whatever it may be, to take part in public activities and political life.

 

HUMAN RIGHTS

As far back as the XVth century, women have been fighting for equal rights. Their long struggle can also be seen as patriarchy in the negative, as a response to age-old male tyranny within an extremely rigid and arrogant system capable of extreme violence. The fact is that most wars as well as most instances of direct or indirect violence are to be attributed to men.

Struggling women have been voicing roughly the same claims as exploited or oppressed peoples: the right to have access to education and employment, to receive decent wages, to express their sexuality, whatever it may be, to take part in public activities and political life.

1405 : Christine de Pisan écrit Le livre des trois vertus et Le livre de la Cité des Dames.

1405: Christine de Pisan wrote The Book of the Three Virtues and The Book of the City of Ladies.

 

1791 : Olympe de Gouges écrit la Déclaration des Droits de la Femme et de la Citoyenne.

1791: Olympe de Gouges wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.

About trafficking and new slavery :

http://www.childtrafficking.com/

http://www.stop-traffic.org/

http://www.freetheslaves.net/home.php#

http://www.antislavery.org/  : the oldest human rights association in the world (1839)

http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/scuk/jsp/whatwedo/subtheme.jsp?section=exploitationprotection&subsection=trafficking

United Nations Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery :  http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs14.htm

http://victimsoftrafficking.esclavagemoderne.org/UK/index.html

 

As you know, the biggest NGO in the field of human rights is Human Right Watch : http://www.hrw.org/

Amnesty international also : see their campaign “ stop violence against women” :  http://web.amnesty.org/actforwomen/index-eng

 

Bearing witness when a megaviolence is going to start : http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/about/    see the section : Bearing Witness and Speaking Out

To stop a genocide, all instruments of early warning are important

http://www.genocidewatch.org/HOWWECANPREVENTGENOCIDE.htm and http://www.preventinggenocide.com/ ).

Arms transfer control also (for example, France is kno

 (wn to have given arms to the genocider government in Rwanda). http://www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/  and http://www.nisat.org/

Peace journalism is necessary, in order to report all violences, not only the most “sellable”ones (it is horrible to have to say that). You must notice that the notion of genocide is often instrumentalized, like in 1999, when United States decided to launch the War against Serbia. They diffused wrong information about the number of Kosovars victims of Serbian troops.  In fact a massive killing of Kosovar civilians by Serbians begun when the US intervention started. Violence leads to violence and revenge on powerless populations. http://www.media-diversity.org/articles_publications/Tips_What%20a%20Peace%20Journalist%20Would%20Try%20to%20Do.htm

 

The Transcend opinion is that conflict transformation is the key. If the conflict is really resolved, there is no risk of genocide. So the big problem is violence prevention : how can we have a view, for each country or zone, of the level of violence (not only the direct, armed, violence, but all types, including the most indirect forms : structural and cultural violence – exploitation, alienation, repression ; CGT : Choseness, Glory, Trauma and DMA : Dichotomy, Manicheism, faith in an Armageddon). It is the image of the iceberg : the indirect violence is the invisible part, the armed violence the visible part. Often we see only what emerges, not the roots. We must promote a big network of international NGOs (non governmental organizations) to have a precise view

of the immerged part of the iceberg and to make lobbying on governments not to cooperate with these indirect forms of violence, to denounce them, and to participate in international campaigns.

A wonderful internet page with many links about peace building : TFF is an ONG founded by Jan Oberg, a Galtung’s disciple.

http://www.transnational.org/links/index.html

http://www.betterworldlinks.org/

http://www.globalissues.org/

 

 

About human rights section :

N°5 : http://www.al-bushra.org/hedchrch/un32.html   I think exaggerated to call the situation in occupied territories a genocide.  I know, the situation is extremely hard, but it is more similar to an apartheid system than a genocide.

N°40  :  you can add the site of the Fondation Hirondelle, a swiss organization : http://www.hirondelle.org/hirondelle.nsf/ae38da31f7d9e228c125658b006bd2a4?OpenView

N° 19 : doctors without borders : http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/

 

unesco and women : http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=3160&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

http://www.unesco.org/cpp/uk/projects/wcpbest.htm

http://www.un.org/womenwatch/

http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/women/womday97.htm

http://pers-www.wlv.ac.uk/~le1810/action.htm

 

There is genocide taking place in a foreign country.  What can you do? : if the genocide is really taking place, you can do nothing without sending a UN (or a regional organization) military force and try to protect the populations. After that : Disarmament of the armed groups and Reinsertion.  If the genocide is being done by a government, you can also have sanctions against it and you can make political pressure. But massive killings are more and more done by groups and not governments. You have to work also against structural violence : the lack of State structures ; economic and social violence. Cultural violence also. This can be done through UN programs, and by ONGs actions (both are usually coordinated).

 

about UN peace keeping : http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/index.asp

Organize a campaign in order to ask to your country to participate more in UN peace keeping operations and to support the creation of an international peace keeping permanent force, reading to intervene in 24H if a genocide is preparing somewhere in the World.

 

The refugees camp are usually organized by the HCR, with the help of ONG’s like doctors without borders : http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home

 

A PEACE MUSEUM I WOULD LIKE TO VISIT SOME DAY

by Johan Galtung
3rd of May 2005

 

 

By Johan Galtung, Professor of Peace Studies,

Director TRANSCEND: A Peace and Development Network

          We are assembled here in Gernika, a capital of the Basques, the city of their sacred oak, and forever associated with the day of infamy in 1937 when the murderous bombing by German legionnaires serving under Franco took place.  A trauma to be commemorated, and to be overcome by speaking the truth, like in the museum so close to us, and through other acts of reconciliation.

          We are close to the northern coast of Spain. One country away, Morocco, and also close to the northern coast, is another city, the same size, the holy city of Chechaouen, capital of the Jibala. That is where the Spaniards had suffered an ignominious siege and defeat fall 1924, and a murderous bombing of defenseless women and children took place in 1925, "by a squadron of volunteer American airmen with the French Flying Corps", "serving the interests of the Spanish colonial power".  The war commander was Franco, "the last to leave Chechaouen in 1924 and the first to return in 1926 when France had won the war for Spain" (Sven Lindqvist, A History of Bombing, New York: The New Press, 2000, pp. 5, 51). 

          Writes Lindqvist: "Everyone in Chechaouen knows about Guernica.  In Guernica no one has ever heard of Chechaouen".

          Maybe one day they will, when the truth and reconciliation bound to happen will lift the veil over Spanish colonialism and the Civil War with one million victims, its mass graves now coming to the light, sixty years later.  Maybe one day the Valle de los Caidos will be turned into a museum, neither to celebrate, nor to condemn, but to remember and learn.  In that museum there will be room for both Gernika and Chechaouen. But we are not yet there.

 

          I had such thoughts when I was asked to be a consultant for Secteur C, peace, of the Caen Museum in Normandy, France. The work was a pleasure, and my report is available as "Developing a Museum for Peace in Caen, Normandie", Appendix to the texts made for the museum, Toward Peaceful Worlds (soon to be published as a book).

          In a museum thinking materializes.  I was asked how many peace cultures there were and said Six (Secular Europe, Christian Europe, West, South, East Asia, and Pacific-Americas-Africa.  So cement was poured into six forceful columns to support six kiosks to display six, exactly Six, peace cultures. I might next day have said, Eight!, no, Four!, no, One! No, None!.   But Six was now fixed, in concrete.  "Don't tell'em, show'em".  I tell: concrete things show.  Indeed.

          Of course they did not quite show everything I suggested.  But they showed so much that I cannot complain.

          Thus, one point made was that the deep culture is in command of such elusive things as peace, and that one carrier of deep culture is very material: street names.  The most famous streets names in France radiate from the most famous center in the most famous city, as well-known avenues.  There are 12 of them; only one is related to peace: Avenue Victor Hugo.  So we suggested to carry peace approaches and peace itself through some revision of the street names:

 

Conflict transformation Avenue

Nonviolence Avenue

World Governance Avenue

War Abolition Avenue

Peace Structures Avenue

Peace Cultures Avenue

 

Peace Movements Avenue

Peace Education Avenue

Peace Journalism Avenue

Peace Studies Avenue - Avenue Victor Hugo

For the Avenue de la Grande Armée via the glory of Place Etoile to  Champs Elysées, Heavens, we suggested one name: WORLD PEACE AVENUE

 

          Well, they have not (yet?) been accepted.  The hold war has on people to define moments of glory to be celebrated is (still?) stronger than the power of peace, according to Hugo "an idea whose time has come"; "stronger than all the armies of the world".

          I also wanted to apply some of the ten ideas in the avenues above to Secteur A in Caen, the history of the Second world war in general and the Normandy invasion in particular, and to Secteur B. dedicated to the Cold War.  The pieces prepared were exercises in counterfactual history, history in the subjunctive:

Could the Second world war have been avoided?

Could the Cold War have been avoided?

But there was no space available. "On ne juge pas l'Etat" de Gaulle once said to Sartre, you don't sit in judgment over the state. And these two think pieces did exactly that, blaming very bad politics.

          Under what conditions would a state finance a peace museum?    States tend to be self-congratulatory.  So they celebrate battles and wars they won, of course.  They might also celebrate a peace treaty as the culmination of a war they won, but that would be a peace agreement museum like in Potsdam, certainly not a museum dedicated to peace by peaceful means.  They would not celebrate a war they lost, but they might eternalize the most horrible traumas suffered and then give to that museum a touch of anti-war museum (Hiroshima, Gernika).  The road from self-congratulation--including for bestowing Nobel peace prizes--to self-pity, is short. 

          War museums for glories, anti-war museums for traumas, and the latter then turned into peace museums?  No.  A museum must not only embrace peace as goal, but also show the way.  A peace museum must show, indicate, elaborate, those peaceful means.  We do not get a health museum by showing morbidity and mortality, ways of being ill and ways of dying.  We get there by showing prevention and therapy.         So, how do we get to peace?  Some approaches are indicated above, around Place Etoile.  Maybe I have most confidence in No. 1 on the list.  It is clearly war-preventive, and prevention is supposed to be so much better than a therapy after the damage has been done.  In the theory of health good food and exercise habits play an important role.  In the theory of peace good conflict habits play a similar role, and nonviolence is certainly a part of that.  War abolition sounds a little more like disease abolition; obviously there are some conditions for that to happen.  And many of them are found in structures and cultures.

          What I would like to see, would be room after room, five of them to be precise, with examples of how conflicts can be transformed into something the parties can handle without violence.

          Thus, in the micro room there would be examples of marital conflicts and inner dilemmas of the type everybody has encountered, with ample opportunity to push buttons for alternative scenarios, and enter your own.  In the meso room bullying, gender, and class conflicts, just to mention some, would find their place.  In the macro room the Second world war, and the Cold War, would be displayed, and I would be permitted to indicate possible ways out. In the mega-room the all-pervasive terrorism-state terrorism conflict, Christianity-Islam, and North-South economic conflicts would be revised daily as the conflicts evolve, with weekly workshops exploring the issues with all the facts easily available.

          Dynamic, dialectic, didactic, the 3 Ds.  There would be an overview, a general ideas room about conflict and peace, and for the relations between the two.  There would be facts and artefacts, texts-subtexts-deep texts-supertexts-contexts-pretexts.

          Only one problem remains: Is anyone out there interested?